Sunscreens are necessary to protect human skin from damaging UV radiation. But certain chemicals in the barrier can have negative environmental consequences, especially for coral reefs. Chemical UV filters and nanoparticles are particularly linked to coral reef destruction.
Individuals must make informed choices, support regulatory measures and contribute to conservation initiatives that conserve marine ecosystems. They can help the environment by using coral reef-safe sunscreen and using alternative sun protection techniques.
Certain sunscreen chemicals triggering coral bleaching
In order to identify dangerous chemicals in sunscreens, it is important to read product labels and stay informed of specific components that may have an impact. Reef-safe sunscreens frequently feature mineral-based blockers and do not contain some dangerous ingredients.
These are some of the chemicals that have raised concerns: oxybenzone (benzophenone-3), octinoxate (octyl methoxycinnamate), octocrylene, homosalate, avobenzone, nanoparticles (zinc oxide, titanium dioxide), parabens (e.g., methylparaben, propylparaben), phthalates.
During coral bleaching, corals lose their brilliant colours due to the expulsion of symbiotic algae. Rising ocean temperatures, ocean acidification, sun exposure, disease outbreaks, pollution, natural disasters, overfishing and genetic factors can be blamed.
In order to address the causes of coral bleaching, it is important to gather global efforts to decrease pollution, promote sustainable behaviours and mitigate climate change. Local conservation efforts such as coral reef restoration programmes are also necessary.
Role of sunscreen in marine pollution
1. Chemical sunscreen ingredients
Oxybenzone and octinoxate are common chemical UV filters available in numerous sunscreens. These chemicals can easily harm marine ecosystems, as per scientific studies.
2. Impact on coral reefs
Coral bleaching has been linked to the aforementioned couple of chemicals in sunscreens. These chemicals have the potential to disrupt symbiotic relationships.
3. Nanoparticles
These mineral UV filters are generally considered safe for human use. But in nanoparticle form, they can accumulate in the environment and pose a risk to marine organisms.
4. Toxic effects on marine life
Some sunscreen chemicals have been linked to endocrine disruption in marine life. Certain ingredients can build up in the tissues of marine organisms, potentially leading to higher concentrations as they move up on the food chain.
5. Negative impact on phytoplankton
Phytoplankton are vital organisms that form the foundation of the marine food chain. Scientific studies indicate certain sunscreen compounds may have a harmful influence on them.
In the face of increasing threats to coral ecosystems and the announcement of a fourth global coral bleaching event, the Global Fund for Coral Reefs (GFCR) Executive Board has approved over $25 million in extra grant funding for resilience action.
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